"The Ordering of the World": An Interview-in-Excerpts with Virginia Pye

Virginia Pye’s debut novel, River of Dust, was chosen as an Indie Next Pick by the Independent Booksellers Association. Carolyn See in The Washington Post called it “intricate and fascinating;” Annie Dillard says it’s “a strong, beautiful, deep book;" and Robert Olen Butler named it “a major work by a splendid writer.” Virginia’s essays can be found in The Rumpus and forthcoming in The New York Times Opinionator blog and she’s been interviewed at The Nervous Breakdown and The Huffington Post. Please visit her at www.virginiapye.com

An excerpt from her novel River of Dust appears in Issue Forty-Six of The Collagist

Here, Virginia Pye answers interview questions "in the form of excerpts" -- with further excerpts from her novel, explained. Enjoy!

1. What is writing like?

Writing is the uncovering of consciousness—that brief moment when you first wake from sleeping and separate what you know from what you dreamt, what you remember from what you wish. Of course, writing is also the hard, plodding labor of getting out of bed, brushing your teeth, making your bed and pulling on your pants, one leg at a time.

In River of Dust, a passage near the end of the novel captures that dream of consciousness. Grace imagines herself in her husband’s study late at night. The Reverend is writing at his desk, unaware of her:

She followed the Reverend’s gaze across the room and was startled to see little Wesley seated on the floor in the corner….

“That’s a good boy,” she whispered. “Let your father concentrate on his work. He has much business to attend to.”

Grace rested her hand on her husband’s shoulder. The Reverend started slightly, although, like Wesley, he did not seem to see her.

“Oh, love,” he sighed.

It made Grace’s knees weak to hear his trembling voice. “Yes?” she answered.

Although he couldn’t hear her, he must have sensed a certain attentiveness surrounding him there in the shadowy study.

Writing is that attentiveness.

2. What isn’t writing like?

Now that I have defined writing as a vast notion of consciousness, there is nothing that writing isn’t. But, I’ll make a stab at it: how about if writing isn’t purely arbitrary list-making. Instead, writing is about the ordering of the world. We can’t help but define the world and that impulse and subsequent decision is writing. Because my novel is crafted and hopefully no part of it has been left untended to, it’s hard to find an example of what writing isn’t from within it. But, here’s a moment that comes close: 

…The Reverend pulled his knee close to his chest and released his leg in a mighty kick behind him. There came a crack: the furious blow had landed on something solid yet yielding, and it broke. Yes, the Reverend later explained, it was sickening satisfying—the same sensation he had felt as a boy when crushing rotten pumpkins in the fields with his boot.

Arbitrary violence should fall outside the realm of the ordered world. But then, to compare it to an innocent memory from childhood is a supreme act of naming. Even in trying to offer a moment of randomness the hand of the author (me!) is still very much present. Perhaps nothing in writing can be about not writing.

3. When you do it, why?

By it, I’m going to guess you mean the act of writing. I write because that’s how I make sense of things. I write because I have fun with it. I write because I’ve been doing it for decades and couldn’t possibly stop now. It’s how I frame my life—the chapters of my life are defined by the books I worked on at that time.

In River of Dust, both Grace and the Reverend try to keep order in their minds through religion and custom. When that starts to fail, they flounder, but the impulse to understand their world persists, even when it makes less and less sense:

One mild and moonless evening, as Grace sat by the closed window, she thought she heard bells—high, tinkling bells of the sort camel drivers tied to their beasts to keep them from becoming lost in dust storms. She cocked her head and listened and waited for the sounds of voices. She felt certain she would recognize her children because they would be brought home to her by a chorus of angels, or, given the bells, perhaps camels, or both.

Her urge to order (thank you, Wallace Stevens) is gently teased in this passage. Grace and the Reverend have little concept of how silly they become as they try to maintain dignity in a rapidly deteriorating world.

4. When you don’t, why?

When I don’t write, I’m sick, or busy, or distracted by life. When my children were young, I stopped writing longer works of fiction for close to a decade. In retrospect, I wish I hadn’t stopped for that long, but in a way I couldn’t help it. I was immersed in life--up to my elbows in it. I didn’t have the proper distance to write about anything. I practiced what came to be known as “attachment parenting”—now an almost derogatory term, but a practice which suited our family just fine—and so I was pressed up against another human being pretty much day and night.

To write, you need a sense of separation, individuation, even isolation to let your imagination come forward. Still, I loved those years—the immediacy of them, the realness of being always in the moment, and the complete exhaustion and dizziness of it all. Grace’s post birth experience captures that hazy state in which she, or I, didn’t have a prayer of being able to write:

Grace’s children came to her in a swirl of dust and sunlight. Motes of light floated behind her closed eyelids, and when she opened them the sun danced low over the sill before her, bringing with it the children. She thought she heard them crying. She dozed and dreamed and woke again and heard them crying again, this time from quite close. She squinted down at the soft bundle beside her. Rose. Her Rose. Grace’s heart welled up, but her arms were too tired to life the baby to her breasts.

The birth scene in my novel, too, is close to my own experience, except that I gave birth in a Philadelphia hospital and not a Chinese village. I drank herbal potions, though not administered by anyone remotely as magical and maniacal as Mai Lin. Still, in Grace’s state, or my own in those years, writing was a distant goal and dream. Thank goodness, the fog eventually lifted and I was able to look back on that childbearing time and even create a story in which it plays a large role. River of Dust, among other things, is a mother’s own story. 

 

"Letting Someone, Somewhere Down": An Interview-in-Excerpts with Douglas Trevor

Douglas Trevor is the author of the recently released novel Girls I Know (SixOneSeven Books, 2013), and the short story collection The Thin Tear in the Fabric of Space(University of Iowa Press, 2005). Thin Tear won the 2005 Iowa Short Fiction Award and was a finalist for the 2006 Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award for First Fiction. Trevor's short fiction has appeared in The Paris Review, Glimmer Train, Epoch, Black Warrior Review, The New England Review, and about a dozen other literary magazines, and has been anthologized in The O. Henry Prize Stories and The Best American Nonrequired ReadingHe lives in Ann Arbor, where he is an Associate Professor of Renaissance Literature and Creative Writing in the English Department at the University of Michigan.

An excerpt from his book Girls I Know appears in Issue Forty-Six of The Collagist.

Here, Douglas Trevor answers questions "in the form of excerpts" -- with further excerpts from Girls I Know.  Enjoy!

1. What is writing like?

[Longing, slipping away from the world, letting someone, somewhere, down.]

He kissed her back. Behind them, at the circulation terminals, students combed through electronic databases and recalled items that had been checked out by other users. Walt heard the same cart with the squeaky wheel pass behind them. He told himself that she was just a stubborn New Yorker with a dumb idea for a book, and that he was just a sentimental Vermonter who thought the world would be a better place if everyone could simply appreciate the same set of poems. Poems, incidentally, all written by white New Englanders. He told himself that the two of them were ridiculous, making out in the middle of the library. He thought of Flora. But he didn’t stop kissing Ginger. In spite of where they were and how different they were, he didn’t want this moment to end.

2. What isn’t writing like?

[Waiting for the phone to ring.]

He waited for Ginger to call him but she didn’t. She was just giving him the space he had requested, he knew that, but he couldn’t bring himself to call her, or his family, or any of his friends. He knew that these people might very well ask him if he was finally making progress on his dissertation, now that he was back on campus. And he wasn’t making any progress. He was still just reading poems, still feeling blocked as a writer. It wasn’t enough for him to tell himself that he was reinvesting in The Poetics of Yankee Peerage. The days were too long, and besides, simply working on a doctorate didn’t seem like an appropriate response to what he had witnessed in the Early Bird. But he had no idea what would.

3. When you do it, why?

[When there is a story to tell.]

“He took me to his house all the way up near Oquossoc, me screaming the whole way, pounding on the window. No one in any of the cars we passed looked over at us. When we got to his place he locked me in his basement. A couple times a day he’d give me food. There was a sink and shower down there. I’d go to the bathroom in the sink. A few weeks later he came downstairs with a mattress and another man. The man gave him money to rape me. I don’t know how much. I found out later that the guy had taken out ads in porn magazines. ‘Young Girl Who Likes Pain.’ It took me a month of getting the shit raped out of me to figure out a way out of there. I ended up knocking the door down with a section of pipe when he was gone one day.

“I didn’t feel like I could go home after that so I moved to Waterville, then Berlin, New Hampshire, then Manchester. I did tricks, worked in a convenience store for a while. I didn’t look like I was thirteen no more. I got arrested for stuff, nothing serious, mostly just cuz I had nowhere to go. Then I started doing speed and LSD and other shit guys would give me to fuck them or suck them off. I’m eighteen now. I take Concord Trailways down from Manchester Sunday afternoon and waitress and dance here through Wednesday. I can’t dance on the weekends because they say my tits aren’t big enough and I can’t afford no enlargements. So I work and buy my shit down here for the week. One of my girlfriends looks after my boy while I’m gone in exchange for speed. I had him two years ago: Jayce. I work down here so it won’t ever get back to him, how I make money.”

A guy sat down at the booth behind them and their waitress stood up, picked up her tray, and went to get his drink order. As she walked off, Ginger wrote madly. Walt didn’t say anything; he just watched her hand fly back and forth across the page.

4. When you don’t, why?

["How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable / Seem to me all the uses of this world" —Hamlet]

A short time later, they climbed back into Ginger’s car. She turned the key in the ignition, but rather than immediately hit the gas, she sat there for a moment, slumped over her steering wheel, the collar of her sweatshirt drooping so that Walt could glimpse the base of her neck, the ridge of her collarbones.

“Are you okay?” he asked her.

She rubbed her eyes, yawning. “I haven’t slept in days. I mean days. And all the sudden, I feel a little down. Why is it always so overcast here? Honestly, I can’t believe the Puritans stayed. I can’t believe they didn’t all just go back to England and become Anglicans.”

 

"Bring You Back Paceless Paces": An Interview with Purvi Shah

Purvi Shah seeks to inspire change through her work as a non-profit consultant, anti-violence advocate, and writer. She won the inaugural SONY South Asian Social Services Award for her work fighting violence against women and recently directed Together We Are New York, an Asian American poetry project responding to the 10th anniversary of 9/11. Her book, Terrain Tracks, was nominated for the Asian American Writers' Workshop Members' Choice Award. Find her work at http://purvipoets.nethttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/purvi-shah/, or @PurviPoets.

Her poem "Sometimes you need to shoot a dead dog. Again." appears in Issue Forty-Four of The Collagist.

Here, Purvi Shah talks to interviewer Elizabeth Deanna Morris about the push and pull of lines, the process of paper to web page, and the many events that culminate to create one single poem.

1. What was the process behind writing “Sometimes you need to shoot a dead dog. Again.”?

This poem begins in gates.

I first wrote it on July 25, 2012. Some of the gates of that time I unfasten here:

 

  • A summer collaboration – with poets April Naoko Heck, Sahar Muradi & Zohra Saed – on gates as they relate to histories, passages, cities, and our own human transformations;
  • My devouring of Nine Gates: Entering the Mind of Poetry, essays by Jane Hirshfield;
  • My finishing the first pada and starting the second in The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali by Edwin F. Bryant –– accompanied by active asana practice that week;
  • Planning a celebration for a pivotal birthday (think: excitement/vexations spectrum);
  • An old flame, who after perfidy, connected with me on social media (WHAT?!? and forgive me my own net stalking/mixed messages to the universe); and,
  • My restlessness of spirit and search for THE RIGHT ONE or as I wrote in my journal that day, “I have pulled down the gate & am…a young girl alight…towards my true destiny.”

 

In this swirl of the day’s gates, an image of Cerberus popped into my head.

“Sometimes you need to shoot a dead dog. Again.” streamed forth as my solution for not only escaping the hellhound but for rebirth; enacting the rough work of closing and seeding new directions; and, moving beyond the space of regret, re-tracing errors, and enticing detours to the path you know you must take, the path that makes future. This movement from fear to active faith.

Perhaps on the subway to a Kundiman salon where I was reading that 25thevening, I wrote the poem’s first draft as outpouring. Upon review in the next few days and weeks, I altered order and added a few lines. You can see the original and my elements of change (prior to the computer variations) here.

2. One of the things that I think poetry allows a writer to do is break open language that we are already familiar with, in this case, the phrase, “beating a dead dog,” which you’ve rejected. What about this phrase prompted its investigation?

For the reasons above, I had been thinking about how the past can dog you. How we allow the past to dog us. At that moment, I wanted to rise and see if there could be a way to make the future your dog. I sought to break the pattern of cause and effect, human binding through temporality – i.e. a future delinked from pasts. Envision fresh potential to actualize it. Given I sought a new view, the language too had to be a new vista on the familiar: perhaps a slight off-rhythm of sorts, a genesis leading to unexpected births, root bearing radical bloom. Poetry becomes palpable not only when you can see newly but rather when you can grasp that sight – as if it were a bird about to fly from your hand & you can watch and accompany this flight. With “Sometimes you need to shoot a dead dog. Again.”, I aimed to defamiliarize a phrase and the phrasings of our lives. To bring death alive. To live from the yes that arises from a no.

3. I love how you push and pull the density of your lines and stanzas throughout your poem. Could you talk about this poems form? Did it come organically or in the revisions?

Yay! I love the push & pull of the lines too: thank you! As you can see from my snapshot above, the form came through mainly as I transferred the poem from page to computer. But, for me, the form was embedded already, even though the first draft may look like a paragraph or prose poem. Through the shape of the poem, I sought to enact a sense of gates (long lines) as well as movement (shorter lines) & errors or possibilities (the drifted lines near the right margin). That risk of movement, chance knowings/outcomes.

The published poem is slightly different from my final version. Due to the form of the webpage and its line-length limits, I sliced my second and third lines into three lines (lines 2-4 as published). In my version of the poem, these three lines are two tracks that run across a standard size page. They enact a barrier and the poem enacts a departure from that barricade. Essentially, the push & pull is even more dramatic.

In the past few years, I’ve been working across the page with lines/right margins to embody movement, flight, freedom, departures. I hope the form encourages readers to feel less stable and yet more open – perceive their ability to forge new ground. Perhaps this is my yogic poetics. Though only you can know (and tell me) if such felt reality sparks true for you.

4. What books have been surprising you recently?

Most powerful to me recently have been books in the making. Through the Poets House Emerging Fellowship, I had the great privilege of reading and offering feedback on manuscripts by some poets in our group. The dynamic poems I encountered – so different in voice, form, and preoccupations than my own – continually broadened my sense of poetry, my sense of what is possible, my understanding of what matters. I hope these powerful works will reach you and the wider public soon!

In the arena of published works, lately I’ve been relishing the profound layerings of Srikanth Reddy, the threadings of Lee Ann Brown, the questionings/solutions of Evie Shockley, and the bold heart of Joy Harjo. And I’ve been raptured again by the work of Mirabai: I strive for my own work to have such fire, grace, grip, and soul-speech.

5. What else have you been writing?

Desire. In my writing, I return to desire – which encompasses longing, humor, joy, the world.

In addition to now & then tweeting poems @PurviPoets & my Monday Facebook poetry status updates, I have been writing towards my next collection – a series of poems focusing on women’s desire, social status, and being through re-imaginings from three figures of Indian iconography: Mira, Saraswati, and Maya. You can hear one of the early Mira poems I wrote – and another will be published in Quiddity later this year. I’m excited to be stitching the wisdom of “ancestors” in new terrains, to be writing in conversation with cosmos.

I’ve also been exploring writing poems with more humor and feisty attitude (bringing more of myself into the poems!). These recent poems explore the injury sustained by an Ecuadorian nanosatellite or near-lynched mannequins or unwittingly smiting a mosquito with my breast. These days, I’m generally working the line between the sacred and the profane, the reverent and irreverent, surrender and willing change. It is a fine line to walk.

 

"Intended Only for Sparrows": An Interview with Michael Stewart

Michael Stewart writes odd, short things that have been published in an array of journals and a couple of anthologies. He is the author of A Brief Encyclopedia of Modern Magic (The Cupboard), Almost Perfect Forms (Ugly Duckling), Sebastian, an illustrated book for adults (Hello Martha Press) and The Hieroglyphics (Mud Luscious Press). Later this year, Mud Luscious will be printing his next book, Answers, a series of unhelpful, but hopefully interesting answers to questions submitted by strangers. Currently, he lectures at Brown University. More of his work can be found at: strangesympathies.com.

His story "A Humiliation of Sparrows" appears in Issue Forty-Five of The Collagist.

Here, Michael Stewart talks to interviewer Thomas Calder about the lonely life of hoarders, the art of trimming details and the class distinction between the sparrow and the martin. 

 

1. I’m always curious about the origin of a writer’s story. What was the seed for “A Humiliation of Sparrows”? There are a number of fantastic images throughout the piece. I’m curious if it started with say, “a lone downy feather falling like the first sign of snow” or the rewarding “smell of burning feathers”? Or did it begin somewhere else entirely?

My father tends to hoard things. He has binders of dead money, boxes of old trophies, rows of gutted pinball machines, more boxes stuffed with various magazines. This has always seemed to me a lonely way to live. Those boxes of newspapers or tools or board games start to make the walls of your house thicker, more impenetrable, and the rooms smaller, less livable. So, mostly this was an attempt to work through some of those ideas, and to imagine, really to delight in, the idea of tearing those walls down. 

Additionally, I was looking into the history of the nouns of venery—a murder of crows, an unkindness of ravens—and I came across a humiliation of sparrows. Sparrows have always had a particular place in my personal mythology, and something about that phrase opened the story for me. The rest was almost dictation. 

2. Kate is a character that we only catch glimpses of, but is essential to the story. As a first-person narrative that deals, in part, with loss, I wonder if you could talk about the process of writing Kate’s character. Did earlier drafts spend more time with her? Or did you know going in that her character would be one that the narrator could not linger on for any extended period of time? 

Aw, Kate! I spent a lot of time mapping out their relationship: how they met—on the bus, they talked for a week before he asked her out; their honeymoon in Alsace—his first and last trip out of the states, her third; and etc. Early drafts made more mention of her and hinted at her illness, the isolation is caused, but with each revision I trimmed back those details. It felt important that she only be represented by physical things, that any information we got about her should be sparked by objects in his collection. 

3. I couldn’t help but think of Poe’s “The Raven,” as I read your story. Did Poe’s poem inform your story at all? I also felt compelled to look up  information online about sparrows. One site states the sparrow calls on us “to keep our burdens as light as we can in order to avoid a heavy heart.” I thought that quite fitting for your story. At what stage in drafting did you start to consider the type of bird you would have your character deal with? 

I didn't have The Raven or The Tell-Tale Heart in mind when I wrote the piece, but when I reread the story it is obvious that they were influences. You can't—and I can't imagine why you would want too—escape anyone you read under the covers with a penlight anymore than you can escape where you are from.  

Sparrows, as I mentioned before, have a personal meaning for me. My mother was one of those backyard aviarists with a mania for purple martins. She bought books on attracting them, which lead her to putting up a tin birdhouse shaped like some Victorian manner in the center of our backyard. It had dozens of holes for the birds to crawl into, and it was so tall we had to sink it into the ground with a cylinder of concrete. Martins are impressive they dive a lot and the glimmer a bit, so everyone tried to cultivate them. She was, if I remember, pretty unsuccessful and inevitably sparrows would take over the cubbies intended for the martins, and my mother, just as inevitably, would lower the birdhouse and remove their nests. They were just balls of dried grass and a few eggs. For some reason I could never figure out, sparrows were pest; kids shot them with BB guns. This of course gave me an affection for them. I dreamt of littering a tree with birdhouses intended only for sparrows. 

As I grew older, I couldn't escape the idea that this was all about class. We lived in one of the more rundown, prefabricated houses at the time and there was something aristocratic about the martins, something selective and precious that you couldn't buy. A group of martins is aptly called a richness. Sparrows then were more like us. Numerous and capable of living in between places, places intended for others from which inevitably banks or circumstance would remove us. 

The story is about lack and the kind of pull, or orbit, lack creates. Just as Poe's narrator reads everything through the lens of Lenore, so does our narrator through his grubby altars to Kate. I mean, The Raven is really a mundane story. It's the lack of Lenore that turns an inconsequential event into a horror. The raven is no more than an echo, you have to supply the scream. 

4. What are you currently working on?

Well, I am finishing up The Answers, a three-year-old project where I have been soliciting questions from strangers online and answering them in unhelpful, but hopefully poetic ways. The questions have been surprisingly great: everything from, "How did you lose your virginity?" to, "How do I remove a mustard stain?" It's been a lot of fun to write. Everyday there is a fresh prompt sitting in front of you and at least one unknown reader interested in what you have to say. 

5. It’s summer time. What do you have on your reading list?

My reading list? What a wonderful question, here is what is on my nightstand: Wonderful Investigations by Dan Beachy-Quick; A Monster's Notes by Laurie Sheck (I love this bit on page 107: "The Germans say, 'That man has no ghost in him.' They say of a poor wine, 'This is an unghostly wine.' Thy say a person can be Rich in Ghostliness. That a person of wit possess ghost."); American Science Fiction edited by Gary Wolfe (a fantastic two book anthology of the early stuff); They Live by Lethem (I love this series); The Literary Conference by Aria; Kingdom Come; the most recentHawkeye comic (one of my favorite runs in years, but it's still no Hellboy); RemainderThe Lazarus Project by Hemon;The Giant O'Brien by Hilary Mantel; this seems a good of time as any to mention that the Japanese have a word,tsudoku, for people who collect books with no regard for finishing them; Ghost Hunters by Deborah Blum; The Original Laura by Nabokov; Second Sex—de Beuvoir (should be required reading); Seamstress in the Wind, another by Aria;Red Doc by Carson (is Carson our greatest Canadian import?); The Lords of Salem, ghost written by Brian Evenson (I appear, briefly, on page 106); Intimate Memoirs, Simenon's memoir (he fascinates me, for example he claimed to have slept with 10,000women and he wrote nearly 400 books, if you count the novellas); But Beautiful by Geoff Dyer (recommend to me with such enthusiasm by Mona Awad); The Secret History by Donna Tarrt; Cinema Stories by Alexandra Kluge; All That Is by James Salter (I just interviewed Salter about this book, and he is, without reservation, my favorite sentence writer); and speaking of great sentences, The Transit of Venus by Shirley Hazzard; Memorable Days—Salter's memoir (rereading for the interview); Out of Sheer Rage, another by Dyer (who it should be said has take digression and made it an art form); The Devil by Maurice Garçon;  Awkward Age by Henry James; The Invincible Iron Man (I'm not sold on the images: too many photo references—it's odd to flip a page and see a Pepper Potts panel that is directly lifted from a cover of last season's Vogue—but the story is fantastic); Recipes for Sad Women by Héctor Abad (the first book of his I've read, it's pretty great); Case Closed; Forgery by Jonathan Keats; The Complete Claudineby Collette (I always seem to have a book of Collette's near me); Xelucha an Others by M. Shiel; Modern Life, N+1;Magritte and the Enigmatic Left, one of the Simenon novels (I often find myself rereading the Margrittes unintentionally—there are 75 novels and some 30 stories. I discovered I had read this one before about 20 pages in, but I can't bring myself to stop rereading it); The Grand Meaulnes by Henri Alain-Fournier; and Cleavage by Chris Tysh. 

There are usually a few more detective novels and a mound of comic books but I just cleared them out on an unexpected day off. 


"Faithful to the Feeling": An Interview with Eleanor Stanford

Eleanor Stanford is the author of História, História: Two Years in the Cape Verde Islands (Chicago Center for Literature and Photography) and The Book of Sleep (Carnegie Mellon Press). Her poems and essays have also appeared in PoetryThe Harvard Review, The Iowa Review, and many others.  She lives in the Philadelphia area. More at www.eleanorstanford.com

Her essay "Your Sweet Words, José: Translations from the Portuguese" appears in Issue Forty-Four of The Collagist.

Here, Eleanor Stanford talks with interviewer William Hoffacker about translations, socioeconomic divides, and the music of language. 

1. Could you please discuss the origins of “Your Sweet Words, José”?

It grew out of my experiences talking with my in-laws’ housekeeper, who is an undocumented worker from Brazil. My family and I lived with my in-laws (who also happen to be Brazilian) for a summer, after we ourselves had just moved back from a year in Brazil, and I spent a lot of time chatting with the housekeeper while she made the beds or mopped the floor. Kind of awkward and weird, but after living in Brazil, I was, for better and for worse, a bit more comfortable with the socioeconomic divide that is largely taken for granted in that culture.

2. What is your first priority when working in the medium of translating someone else’s words? Please explain.

My first priority is being faithful to the feeling and to the cadences of the speech, rather than the literal meaning of the words. Even in calling this piece “translations” rather than “a translation,” I was trying to suggest this sense of multiple possible versions, and the impossibility of a single definitive translation.

3. Have you found that lessons learned from your work as a poet have influenced the way you write translations (or creative nonfiction, in general)? How so?

Definitely. In any genre, it is a similar process for me: I am trying to find the music of the language.

4. What writing projects are you working on now?

I’m working on a novel, set in Brazil in 1968, about a young medical student who gets involved in the guerrilla resistance to the dictatorship and is forced to flee her parents’ home in São Paulo.

5. What have you read recently that you would like to recommend?

I recently read and very much enjoyed Michael Pollan’s new book Cooked: A Natural History of Transformation. Also Safekeeping by Abigail Thomas (which I reread, as I was teaching it for a class); Mumbai New York Scranton, a charming, quirky memoir by Tamara Shopsin that includes drawings and photos; the novel How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, by Mohsin Hamid; The Pharmacist’s Mate, by Amy Fusselman; and Matthew Dickman’s latest collection of poems, Mayakovsky’s Revolver.

 

"Seemingly Turned by the Sun": An Interview with B.L. Gentry

B. L. Gentry's poetry has appeared in The Cortland Review, Eclectica, Rhino: The Poetry Forum 2011, and is forthcoming in Rhino 2013. Gentry was born in Lawrenceburg, TN. She holds a BA from the University of New Mexico, and is an MFA student in the Warren Wilson College Program for Writers. She lives in Oklahoma.

Her poem "Cedar Swing" appears in issue Forty-Three of The Collagist.

Here, B. L. Gentry talks with interviewer Elizabeth Morris about static swings, turns, and shifts in landscape.

1. What was the process behind “Cedar Swing”?

I wrote “Cedar Swing” over a year ago, in an effort to reconcile my home at the time with the home of my upbringing. My family and I had relocated months before from rural Oklahoma to a fairly suburban neighborhood just outside of Tulsa, and I hoped to use the plain experience and mild culture shock I experienced during the process as a lens for discussing my childhood in, and removal from, the rural south. 

2. This poem about a swing doesn’t actually have any swinging in it—except for perhaps implicitly at the end. How do you think the image of a static swing works compared to one in motion?

It’s telling that you bring up image in this poem, because, as the title suggests, the swing wants to be central to the poem’s meaning. A static swing may represent many things—the decisiveness of clear conviction, an end or a beginning, a pause in chronology—but for me, because it is an image and not discursive information, the static swing encompasses all of these, especially the speaker’s current state of mature perspective on her childhood. The swing in motion, however, belongs to the speaker’s young self, to a developing understanding of her surroundings as she navigates them.

3. At the end, the poem turns from the husband’s swing to the father’s.  Could you talk about getting to that point in the poem? Why the decision to turn to the past?

When Jane Kenyon was translating the poems of Anna Akhmatova, she discovered a word that encompassed her work method, that is, the preference for image that she gave Akhmatova’s poems over literal denotation. Because there is no word in English for the Russian word, rodnoi, (meaning “all that is dear to me, familiar, my own,” and because this was a concept dear to Akhmatova in many of her early poems), Kenyon and her translator prioritized image because it was capable of communicating overlapping ideas in one moment. I had rodnoi in mind when I used the image of the swing.

As you say, the poem turns to the past at its end, and the focus shifts from a romantic relationship to a paternal one. The images, the swing, but also the elm tree, help to make this transition formally, allowing the speaker to see an object in her current setting and to remember a past moment, moving from the tree’s leaves shining in the sun to the doomed, glittering minnows. Yet this meditation also works as an invitation to meditate on the speaker’s interaction with men in her culture, a culture as she experienced as a subservient, first as a daughter and then later as a wife. The decision to end the poem with thoughts of the father, however, has more to do with the speaker’s longing for her past culture, the developing mature perspective we discussed in your previous question.

I made the decision to turn to the past because the poem seemed to want to discuss, through image, the idea of homesickness for one’s birthplace and an appreciation for that heritage—rodnoi. As I said, I was living in a suburban area, surrounded by houses that were typically identical to one another, and this was a very different climate than that of my upbringing. The first two decades of my life were spent in southern Tennessee near the Cumberland Gap, an landscape of forests and creeks, deer and hunters, the poverty of failed farms set against a natural beauty of the foothills of Appalachia—a land of sharp contrasts. I also had a six-year-old daughter at the time, so my thoughts naturally turned to myself at that age.

4. What’s on your summer book list?

My booklist, in whatever season in which I consult it, always includes the poets and novelists that I turn to repeatedly for inspiration, the Russian Acmeists and the canon of Western writers known for their use of imagery like Kenyon, Plath, and Gluck, but also poets that employ aesthetics that I do not habitually employ. Jack Gilbert and Philip Levine are on there, as well as my standby formalists like Seamus Heaney and Richard Wilbur. I’m very drawn to the work of John Crowe Ransom right now, as well as the lesser-known novels of Robert Penn Warren, one such being The Wilderness. Charles Wright’s “Outtakes” is also on the list, as well as the biography of Gerard Manly Hopkins. Perhaps these aren’t helpful answers. I don’t usually plan my booklists. Mostly, I read whatever interests me at the time.

5. What else have you been writing recently?

Lately, I’ve turned from short, imagistic lyrics to poems that employ a narrative  structure while using image either sparsely or in a utilitarian manner. “Cedar Swing” is a good example. I’m also working on a first-book manuscript. The poems in the book attempt, so far, to deal with the past in several different locations, ranging from the rural south to the suburbs to the maritime zones of North America. My hope is that they propose the dialogue of a speaker struggling to understand place and the disappearance of local cultures, the effects of these things on people, the land, and on herself. 

 

"The Urge of What Might Be": An Interview-in Excerpts with Owen Egerton

Owen Egerton’s novel Everyone Says That at the End of the World is due out this April from Soft Skull Press. He’s also the author of The Book of Harold, the Illegitimate Son of God, which is currently in development as a television series with Warner Bros. Television. As a screenwriter, Egerton has written for Fox, Warner Brothers, and Disney studios. Egerton is also a regular performer with the Alamo Drafthouse’s Master Pancake Theater.

An excerpt from his novel Everyone Says That at the End of the World appears in Issue Forty-Four of The Collagist.

Here, Owen Egerton answers questions "in the form of excerpts" -- with further excerpts from Everyone Says That at the End of the World. Enjoy!

1. What is writing like?

She turned up the volume till her ears hurt. That’s how she liked her music, just a little painful. She knew Mingus would approve. Hell, he put the pain in himself. He slammed two notes together that harmonized, but just barely, two notes that had to work at it. They weren’t a C and a G, more a C and an A-sharp. That’s how she saw her and Milton. No one would choose to put these notes together, no one but a mind like Mingus. And when Mingus did it . . . when he played or wrote or yelled, he said, “Yes, this is how it is supposed to be. These notes belong together.” He told the notes, “You can fight, you can twist, but know that you are home. This is where you are supposed to be.” And the notes listened. And the notes sang.

2. What isn’t writing like?

Deepak Chopra wearing nothing but an impressive erection.

3. When you do it, why?

He didn’t mind confusion. He was used to it. As a child the confusion would come in waves. Confusion and sadness. A home-desire sadness. Jesus-18 believed this home-desire was the primary emotion of all people. Home, he also felt, had very little to do with where one was born or raised. Home was the urge of what might be. What could and should be. Home was the kingdom rising up within the empire, the flower growing in the rock wall, the kind want emerging in the cool heart. He saw homesick souls in all he passed, no matter how foreign, how crippled, how cruel. He saw this home-desire even in the dead.

4. When you don’t, why?

So the Floaters built a hell in North Dakota. It was a nasty place.

Hell had no light. No sound. Hell was an itchy soul feeling. A restlessness coupled with a certainty that no rest exists. An aimless anger. A soul-deep ennui.

But (and this floored the Floaters) the occupants of hell all seemed incredibly content. A little research revealed that these people had experienced the itchy soul syndrome their entire lives. But now, in hell, the feeling was understood as punishment. Finally their misery had meaning. There was a point to an existence they, in their heart of hearts, felt to be pointless. The Floaters took note.

"Absurd Teenage Ambitions": An Interview with Tessa Mellas

Tessa Mellas is the 2013 winner of the Iowa Short Fiction Prize. Her debut collection Lungs Full of Noise will be released from the University of Iowa Press in October of 2013. She holds an MFA from Bowling Green State University and a PhD from the University of Cincinnati and is currently a senior lecturer at the Ohio State University.

Her story "Dye Job" appears in Issue Forty-Four of The Collagist.

Here, Tessa Mellas talks to interviewer David Bachman about the work of lips, a girl’s questionable accomplishments, and the natural cruelty of teens.

1. At least twice in this piece, Ruth actually succeeds in gaining access to that for which she at one time reached, namely a grape supply and intimate proximity to Felix. How do you want the reader to view the accomplishments of this character - empowering, validating, compromising, sad, tragic, any or all or none of these?

Wow! Hard question to start with. I think that “compromising” is the best adjective you’ve chosen given that Ruth defies her own intelligence in eating fruit that she knows is “tainted” and in engaging with Felix in such a way. I do also see these actions as empowering and validating, though, albeit in misguided ways. At this point in her life, I think that Ruth needs to believe that she can do daring things that challenge her reputation as a studious innocent girl. I see Ruth as being on the cusp of great changes. This story seems to take place right before her friendship with Lily comes to an end. She is realizing that her relationship with Lily is not really a friendship, but she is using Lily’s condescension as an empowering device to become a stronger, more willful person. Though I do see these actions as sad, I also see them as evidence that Ruth will be a very different person in a few years, someone who is not so easily pushed around and someone who makes the right decisions for who she is rather than for who her friends or parents are.

2. Do you consider Lily’s treatment of Ruth especially cruel or is it just par for the course for characters of this age, who naturally have such volatile dispositions? Can you talk in general about how you designed the relationship between these two girls?

I do consider Lily’s treatment of Ruth to be especially cruel, but I also think that this treatment is extremely common for girls in both middle and high school. My own experience as a girl was very much like this. In the transition from elementary school to middle school, I found myself losing friends as they transitioned into the popular group and I got lost in a no man’s land of grouplessness. This seems to be par for the course. The girls with social power retain that power by verbally harassing girls with less social power. I taught high school for a few years and was also a counselor at summer camps, and this behavior never seems to change. I wrote Lily’s character by channeling the voices of certain students and classmates and imagined a relationship between Lily and an awkward introspective girl, who was just hanging onto that friendship, desperately, longingly, and perhaps knowing that it will soon come to an end. And when it does come to an end, perhaps it will feel like relief.

3. The first line of this story provides an image of a pair of lips sucking on fat grapes. The last scene is that of genitalia being brought to another pair of lips. Was this specific arc and resolution, if it is one, deliberate or is this how the story just unfolded? How conscious were you that the piece was beginning and ending with this oral imagery?

I don’t think that the first draft of the story was bookended with such sexual imagery, but a writer named Randy DeVita suggested it in a workshop at Bowling Green State University. Thanks, Randy! Since then, I have quite intentionally kept it in as I think it is thematically fitting.

4. What are the challenges and limitations of writing teenage characters? Or does the fact that younger people are less predictable and more capable of rash turns in behavior liberate the writer whose job it is to create them, in that anything can go and you can cast a wider net than you would with more predictable adults?

I do find it liberating to write about teenaged girls perhaps because this time in my own life seemed so traumatic and cruel. The angst of that age is so rife with possibilities for fiction. I think that you’ve nailed down many of the qualities of teenagers that make them so interesting in fiction. Also, as a teenager I remember feeling like I had so little control over my life and that helplessness produces so much angry energy that can just fuel the writing process even more than a decade after the fact.

5. Do earlier drafts of this piece offer different narrative arcs or resolutions? If so, are you interested in talking about those drafts and why you took the paths we see in the published draft?

The first draft of the story ended with Ruth (who previously had a different name) watching from Felix’s closet as another girl, the girl from band, gives Felix a blow job. Another writer Mark Baumgartner from my Bowling Green MFA group said, That’s not right. It’s gotta end with Ruth giving the blow job. At first I thought he was nuts. I thought, Ruth would never do that. But after two seconds of thought, I realize how completely right he was. Thanks, Mark! My fellow MFA writers are all such excellent writers and helped shape this and many other stories in extremely important ways. Earlier drafts also included a Greek chorus of mothers at PTA meetings in the school cafeteria, but those really weren’t working so they got the axe.

6. What are you writing these days?

I am currently working on a few creative nonfiction essays about environmentalism. Also, I am working on a novel with another teenaged protagonist. The novel is speculative and takes up environmental issues. I am hoping to get a lot of work done on it this summer. Thanks so much for asking, and thank you for your interest in my work. I was excited to see Lily and Ruth find a home in such a great journal.

"Remembering a Certain Memory an Uncertain Way": An Interview-in-Excerpts with Joseph Riippi

Joseph Riippi is author most recently of A Cloth House (Housefire Publishing, 2012) and Treesisters (Greying Ghost Press, 2012). His other books include The Orange Suitcase (2011) and Do Something! Do Something! Do Something! (2009), both from Ampersand Books. He lives with his wife in New York City. Say hello:www.josephriippi.com

An excerpt from A Cloth House appears in Issue Thirty-Three of the Collagist.

Here, Riippi answers questions in-the-form-of-excerpts--with further excerpts from A Cloth House.  Enjoy!

 1. What is writing like?

Scientists say a person remembers moments better when they hurt, when there is pain, because of the way the brain works, associatively. You remember not to touch
 an oven after touching it once. A dog learns not to pee 
in the house because its owner will scold and drag her outside by the collar. Harsh tones and dragging hurt. (p 80)

2. What isn’t writing like?

Something to pass the time. (p 88)

3. When you do it, why?

Our mother is dead and there are so many stories she never told. Not full, never finished. Maybe she never meant to. Whether or not she believed she had done sufficient things in life so that it could be considered worth something, for instance, I do not know for sure. 
 I would like to think she believed she had. I work at remembering her that way, if only because a mother deserves to be honored by her children, and because it might change the way others remember her. Life in death is memory only, familiar to imagination, a dead friend not wholly unlike the imaginary friends of childhood we encounter under sheets and in daydream daze. A person can do that, you see. Can work at remembering
 a certain memory an uncertain way, can mold it into something new, change history, a mother’s story. It is not like the love of our father’s god, which cannot be helped or changed or forced any more than lapping waves or crisping wind. Memory is nothing like love or ocean. (p 39)

4. When you don’t, why?

Who knows why we do what we do? Who is to judge?...Maybe all of this is just bad memories changing. Maybe you were never even born…I don’t remember quite right. (p 52, 62, 86)

 

"Because the Ocean Distilled": An Interview with Kendra DeColo

Kendra DeColo's poems have appeared or are forthcoming in Southern Indiana Review, CALYX, Muzzle Magazine, Vinyl Poetry, Split This Rock: Poems of Witness and Provocation, and elsewhere. She is the recipient of a work-study scholarship from the Bread Loaf Writer's Conference and residencies from the Millay Colony and Kimmel Harding Nelson Center for the Arts. She is the founding poetry editor of Nashville Review and a Book Review Editor at Muzzle Magazine. She lives in Nashville, Tennessee.

Her poems "The Vocalist," "I Heart Pussy," and "Blue and Green Music" appear in Issue Forty-Two of The Collagist.

Here, Kendra DeColo speaks to interviewer Elizabeth Deanna Morris about public spaces, scrawling, and decadence. 

1. Could you please discuss how you ended up writing “The Vocalist”?

“The Vocalist” is probably one of the hardest poems I have tried to write in terms of revision and content. It is more or less a narrative poem as it attempts to describe something that happened. The challenge was in understanding and coming to terms with the narrative’s angle: the speaker’s gaze. There is a lot of discomfort and ambiguity, and a lot of psychic drama in trying to occupy that space. The speaker therefore is evasive, slippery, and resistant to the very language she is trying to manipulate. However I did not intend for the poem to be self-conscious. I really just wanted to paint a portrait of this amazing singer, a trans inmate who I saw perform at a commencement ceremony at the women’s prison where I used to work. The experience of hearing them sing in this context brought up so many complicated feelings about gender, desire, witnessing. It is a poem I will keep writing.

2. In “I Heart Pussy,” you reimagine someone carving this phrase into a bench.  Why, out of all bathroom scrawls and bench carvings, did this particular one stick out (and thus seem worth writing about?)

I have always been drawn to (and repelled by) public spaces. I love the way a green park bench can trigger feelings of domesticity and transience, privacy and exposure. I associate them with paper bagged 40s and other fun things you can try to get away with in public. But really the place is a platform and signifier for what we see/hear everyday: how the female body is praised and objectified in a single gesture. I wanted to explore a premise in which these declarations are uttered in earnest and manifested in the world. Wouldn’t you want to live in a world where pussy is king?

3. Could you talk about the three-line “waterfall” stanza that you use in “I Heart Pussy” and “Blue and Green Music”? What draws you to this form on the page?

For me the 'waterfall' stanza’ evokes a sense of decadence and disintegration, like a chandelier in a flooded room. I love how the form becomes physical, exacting from the reader a kind of intimacy and dance as the eye moves along the body of the poem. It has a feel of turning (tuning), shape-shifting, and obscuring itself in the way of a sequined dress. I also see the form as a nod to poets I love such as Lynda Hull, Hopkins— lyric poets who search for grace in the ruins.

4. What could you recommend for us to read?

Lately I have been enjoying the understated sensuality and eroticism of the novelist Yasunari Kawabata. I have also been working my way through the collected journals of Tennessee Williams. (I truly believe he is my best friend). I find his descriptions of anxiety and self-loathing as a writer extremely comforting. I am excited for A. Van Jordan’s new collection, Cineaste, especially for this poem: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/22987.

5. What can we expect from you writing-wise?

I hope to keep peeling back layers of my identity, exposing my fears and desires, and going after that shifty huckster I call my shadow-self. More than likely, you can expect more pussy-positivity, more longing, and more struggle.